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目录

1 å ³äºŽæœ¬æ–‡æ¡£ç¿»è¯‘å·¥ä½œçš„è¯´æ˜Žã€ä»»åŠ¡åˆ†é åŠè¿›å±•æƒ å†µï¼Œè¯·å‚è§ 2 建议翻译时保留英文原文，以便于复查和修改。 3 尽量使用段落编辑（即点击要编辑段落右上方的[编辑]字样） 1 OWL Web Ontology Language Guide 1.1 W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004 1.2 Abstract 1.3 Status of This Document 1.4 本文档的状态 2 Contents 3 目录

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http://bbs.xml.org.cn/dispbbs.asp?boardid=2&id=9645&star=1#9645

建议翻译时保留英文原文，以便于复查和修改。

尽量使用段落编辑（即点击要编辑段落右上方的[编辑]字样）

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(http://www.w3.org/)

OWL Web Ontology Language Guide

W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004

This version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/ (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/)
Latest version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/ (http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/)
Previous version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031215/ (http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031215/)
Editors:
Michael K. Smith, Electronic Data Systems,

Chris Welty, IBM Research,

Deborah L. McGuinness, Stanford University,

Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections.
See also translations (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/translation/owl-guide).
Copyright (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright) ? 2004 W3C? (MIT, ERCIM , Keio (http://www.keio.ac.jp/)), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer), trademark (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks), document use (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents) and software licensing (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software) rules apply.

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Abstract

The World Wide Web as it is currently constituted resembles a poorly mapped geography. Our insight into the documents and capabilities available are based on keyword searches, abetted by clever use of document connectivity and usage patterns. The sheer mass of this data is unmanageable without powerful tool support. In order to map this terrain more precisely, computational agents require machine-readable descriptions of the content and capabilities of Web accessible resources. These descriptions must be in addition to the human-readable versions of that information.
The OWL Web Ontology Language is intended to provide a language that can be used to describe the classes and relations between them that are inherent in Web documents and applications.
This document demonstrates the use of the OWL language to

• formalize a domain by defining classes and properties of those classes,
  
• define individuals and assert properties about them, and
  
• reason about these classes and individuals to the degree permitted by the formal semantics of the OWL language.
  

The sections are organized to present an incremental definition of a set of classes, properties and individuals, beginning with the fundamentals and proceeding to more complex language components.

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目前这种结构的万维网，很像一本地图做得很差的地理书，我们对于Web中可以使用的文档和服务的了解，都是基于关键字搜索的，

同时还需要灵活地使用文档的链接和使用模式。如果没有强有力的工具的支持，这么大规模的数据是很难管理的，为了能够给Web绘制出更为详实的地图，计算代理需要对于网络上可用资源的内容和能力做一个机器能够读得懂的描述。这些描述是人类能够读得懂的信息的扩展。
OWL，这种本体描述语言，可以用来描述Web文档和应用中内在的类和关系。
这篇文章解释了OWL语言的使用：

• 通过定义类以及类的属性来形式化某个领域；
• 定义个体并说明它们之间的属性；
• 在OWL语言的形式化语义允许的层次上，对类和个体进行推理。

本文的各章节间是按照类、属性、个体的集合的定义给出来的，从最简单的概念开始，逐渐过渡到更为复杂的概念。

Status of This Document

本文档的状态

This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties, and it has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation (http://www.w3.org/2003/06/Process-20030618/tr.html#RecsW3C). W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.

本文档已被W3C成员及其他相关方面审阅，并已被W3C总监（W3C Director）批准为W3C推荐标准 (http://www.w3.org/2003/06/Process-20030618/tr.html#RecsW3C)（W3C Recommendation）。W3C制定推荐标准的任务是使之受到关注，并促使其被广泛应用。这将增强Web的功能性与互操作性。

This is one of six parts (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-features-20040210/#s1.1) of the W3C Recommendation for OWL, the Web Ontology Language. It has been developed by the Web Ontology Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/) as part of the W3C Semantic Web Activity (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/) (Activity Statement (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity), Group Charter (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/charter)) for publication on 10 February 2004.

本文档是W3C关于Web本体语言OWL的推荐标准的六个部分 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-features-20040210/#s1.1)之一。 它已经被Web 本体工作小组 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/) (小组章程 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/charter)) 作为W3C语义Web行动 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/) (行动声明 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity)) 的一部分于2004年2月10日发布。

The design of OWL expressed in earlier versions of these documents has been widely reviewed and satisfies the Working Group's technical requirements (http://www.w3.org/TR/webont-req/). The Working Group has addressed all comments received (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/), making changes as necessary. Changes to this document since the Proposed Recommendation version (http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031215/) are detailed in the change log (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#changes-since-PR).

本文档的早期版本中所描述的关于OWL的设计已被广泛评阅，并已满足工作小组的技术需求 (http://www.w3.org/TR/webont-req/)。.工作小组充分考虑所有收到的意见 (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/)，并做了必要的修改。本文档自从候选推荐标准版本 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031215/)以来的所有修改都在文后的变更日志 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#changes-since-PR)中。

Comments are welcome at public-webont-comments@w3.org (mailto:public-webont-comments@w3.org) (archive (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/)) and general discussion of related technology is welcome at www-rdf-logic@w3.org (mailto:www-rdf-logic@w3.org) (archive).

欢迎通过public-webont-comments@w3.org (mailto:public-webont-comments@w3.org)(历史存档 (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/))提出您的意见，也可以通过www-rdf-logic@w3.org (mailto:www-rdf-logic@w3.org)(历史存档 (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-logic/)) 参与相关技术的讨论。

A list of implementations (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls) is available.
The W3C maintains a list of any patent disclosures related to this work.
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index (http://www.w3.org/TR/) at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

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可以访问到有关实现 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls)的一个列表。
W3C维护着一个与这些工作相关的专利声明的目录。

这节描述了本文档在发布时的状态。其他文档可能替代这文档。一份当前W3C的最新出版物的目录和这个技术报告的最新版本可以在 W3C技术报告索引 (http://www.w3.org/TR/)http://www.w3.org/TR/ 上找到。

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Contents

目录

• Abstract (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Abstract)
  
• Status of This Document (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Status)
  
• Contents (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Contents)
  
• 1. Introduction (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Introduction)
  
• 1.1. The Species of OWL (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OwlVarieties)
  
• 1.2. Structure of the Document (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#StructureOfDoc)
  
• 2. The Structure of Ontologies (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#StructureOfOntologies)
  
• 2.1. Namespaces (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Namespaces)
  
• 2.2. Ontology Headers (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyHeaders)
  
• 2.3. Data Aggregation and Privacy (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Privacy)
  
• 3. Basic Elements (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#BasicDefinitions)
  
• 3.1. Simple Classes and Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SimpleClasses)
  
• 3.1.1. Simple Named Classes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DefiningSimpleClasses)
  
• 3.1.2. Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DefiningIndividuals)
  
• 3.1.3. Design for Use (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DesignForUse)
  
• 3.2. Simple Properties (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SimpleProperties)
  
• 3.2.1. Defining Properties (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DefiningProperties)
  
• 3.2.2. Properties and Datatypes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Datatypes1)
  
• 3.2.3. Properties of Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertiesOfIndividuals)
  
• 3.3. Property Characteristics (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertyCharacteristics)
  
• 3.3.1. TransitiveProperty (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#TransitiveProperty)
  
• 3.3.2. SymmetricProperty (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SymmetricProperty)
  
• 3.3.3. FunctionalProperty (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#FunctionalProperty)
  
• 3.3.4. inverseOf (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#inverseOf)
  
• 3.3.5. InverseFunctionalProperty (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#InverseFunctionalProperty)
  
• 3.4. Property Restrictions (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertyRestrictions)
  
• 3.4.1. allValuesFrom, someValuesFrom (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#allValuesFrom)
  
• 3.4.2. Cardinality (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#simpleCardinality)
  
• 3.4.3. hasValue (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#hasValue)
  
• 4. Ontology Mapping (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyMapping)
  
• 4.1. Equivalence between Classes and Properties (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#equivalentClass1)
  
• 4.2. Identity between Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#sameAs)
  
• 4.3. Different Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#differentFrom)
  
• 5. Complex Classes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#ComplexClasses)
  
• 5.1. Set Operators (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SetOperators)
  
• 5.2. Enumerated Classes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#EnumeratedClasses)
  
• 5.3. Disjoint Classes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DisjointClasses)
  
• 6. Ontology Versioning (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyVersioning)
  
• 7. Usage Examples (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Usage)
  
• 7.1. Wine Portal (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#WinePortal)
  
• 7.2. Wine Agent (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#WineAgent)
  
• Acknowledgements (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Acknowledgements)
  
• OWL Glossary (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OWLGlossary)
  
• Term Index and Cross Reference (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#TermIndex)
  
• References (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#References)
  
• Appendix A: XML + RDF Basics (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#AppendixA)
  
• Appendix B: History (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#AppendixB)
  
• Appendix C: Change Log Since Last Call Release (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#changes-since-PR)
  

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• 摘要 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Abstract)
  
• 本文档状态 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Status)
  
• 内容 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Contents)
  
• 1. 引言 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Introduction)
  
• 1.1. OWL的种类 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OwlVarieties)
  
• 1.2. 本文档结构 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#StructureOfDoc)
  
• 2. 本体的结构 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#StructureOfOntologies)
  
• 2.1. 名字空间 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Namespaces)
  
• 2.2. 本体头信息 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyHeaders)
  
• 2.3. 数据聚合和隐私 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Privacy)
  
• 3. 基本元素 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#BasicDefinitions)
  
• 3.1. 简单类和个体 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SimpleClasses)
  
• 3.1.1. 简单具名类 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DefiningSimpleClasses)
  
• 3.1.2. 个体 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DefiningIndividuals)
  
• 3.1.3. 使用时的设计 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DesignForUse)
  
• 3.2. 简单属性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SimpleProperties)
  
• 3.2.1. 定义属性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DefiningProperties)
  
• 3.2.2. 属性和数据类型 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Datatypes1)
  
• 3.2.3. 个体的属性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertiesOfIndividuals)
  
• 3.3. 属性的特征 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertyCharacteristics)
  
• 3.3.1. 传递属性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#TransitiveProperty)
  
• 3.3.2. 对称属性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SymmetricProperty)
  
• 3.3.3. 函数型属性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#FunctionalProperty)
  
• 3.3.4. 逆属性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#inverseOf)
  
• 3.3.5. 反函数型属性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#InverseFunctionalProperty)
  
• 3.4. 属性约束 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertyRestrictions)
  
• 3.4.1. allValuesFrom, someValuesFrom (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#allValuesFrom)
  
• 3.4.2. Cardinality (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#simpleCardinality)
  
• 3.4.3. hasValue (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#hasValue)
  
• 4. 本体映射 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyMapping)
  
• 4.1. 类之间和属性之间的等价性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#equivalentClass1)
  
• 4.2. 个体之间的等同性 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#sameAs)
  
• 4.3. 不同的个体 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#differentFrom)
  
• 5. 复杂类 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#ComplexClasses)
  
• 5.1. 集合操作 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SetOperators)
  
• 5.2. 枚举类 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#EnumeratedClasses)
  
• 5.3. 不相交类 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DisjointClasses)
  
• 6. 本体版本 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyVersioning)
  
• 7. 使用举例 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Usage)
  
• 7.1. 关于酒的门户网站 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#WinePortal)
  
• 7.2. 关于酒的主体（Agent） (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#WineAgent)
  
• 致谢 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Acknowledgements)
  
• OWL词汇表 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OWLGlossary)
  
• 术语索引和交叉引用 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#TermIndex)
  
• 参考文献 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#References)
  
• 附录A: XML + RDF基础 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#AppendixA)
  
• 附录B: 历史 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#AppendixB)
  
• 附录C: 上次发布以来的修改日志 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#changes-since-PR)
  

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