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OWL 網站本體語言指南
W3C 建議書 2004 年 2 月 10 日
目前版本:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/ (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/)
最新版本:
http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/ (http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/)
前一版本:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031215/ (http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031215/)
編者:
Michael K. Smith, Electronic Data Systems, 
Chris Welty, IBM Research, 
Deborah L. McGuinness, Stanford University, 
請參考本文的勘誤表，那裡可能會有一些標準訂正。
也可以查看相關翻譯 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/translation/owl-guide).
版權 (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright) © 1994-2003 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM , Keio (http://www.keio.ac.jp/))，保留所有版權。W3C 責任歸屬 (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer)，商標 (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks)，document 文件使用 (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents)以及軟體版權 (http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software)都適用。
摘要
The World Wide Web as it is currently constituted resembles a poorly mapped geography. Our insight into the documents and capabilities available are based on keyword searches, abetted by clever use of document connectivity and usage patterns. The sheer mass of this data is unmanageable without powerful tool support. In order to map this terrain more precisely, computational agents require machine-readable descriptions of the content and capabilities of Web accessible resources. These descriptions must be in addition to the human-readable versions of that information.
The OWL Web Ontology Language is intended to provide a language that can be used to describe the classes and relations between them that are inherent in Web documents and applications.
This document demonstrates the use of the OWL language to
- formalize a domain by defining classes and properties of those classes,
- define individuals and assert properties about them, and
- reason about these classes and individuals to the degree permitted by the formal semantics of the OWL language.
The sections are organized to present an incremental definition of a set of classes, properties and individuals, beginning with the fundamentals and proceeding to more complex language components.
目前的網際網路﹐很像一本地圖作得很差的地理課本。我們對於網站上可以使用的文件和性能的了解﹐多半是靠著關鍵字的查詢與靈活的運用文件連結與相關的使用模式。如國沒有強有力的工具支持﹐這麼大規模的資料是很難管理的。為了能夠為網際網路描繪更詳實的地圖﹐對於網路上可用的內容與性能資源﹐電腦代理程式需要一種機器懂得的描述。除了人類讀的懂得訊息之外﹐還要加上這些描述。
OWL 就是打算提供一種描述語言﹐用來描述網路上文件與應用程式固有的類別以及類別之間的關係。這篇文章將解釋 OWL 語言可以運用在﹕
- 藉由定義類別以及類別的屬性來確立（formalize）某個類別﹐
- 定義個體並且宣告（assert）他們的屬性﹐以及
- 在 OWL 語言正式語義允許的層次上﹐對類別和個體進行推論。
本文章節的安排是希望呈現遞增的類別集合定義﹐屬性和個體﹐從最簡單的概念開始﹐逐漸到更複雜的語言要素。
本文件狀態
This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties, and it has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation (http://www.w3.org/2003/06/Process-20030618/tr.html#RecsW3C). W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.
This is one of six parts (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-features-20040210/#s1.1) of the W3C Recommendation for OWL, the Web Ontology Language. It has been developed by the Web Ontology Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/) as part of the W3C Semantic Web Activity (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/) (Activity Statement (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity), Group Charter (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/charter)) for publication on 10 February 2004.
The design of OWL expressed in earlier versions of these documents has been widely reviewed and satisfies the Working Group's technical requirements (http://www.w3.org/TR/webont-req/). The Working Group has addressed all comments received (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/), making changes as necessary. Changes to this document since the Proposed Recommendation version (http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031215/) are detailed in the change log (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#changes-since-PR).
Comments are welcome at public-webont-comments@w3.org (mailto:public-webont-comments@w3.org) (archive (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/)) and general discussion of related technology is welcome at www-rdf-logic@w3.org (mailto:www-rdf-logic@w3.org) (archive).
A list of implementations (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls) is available.
The W3C maintains a list of any patent disclosures related to this work.
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index (http://www.w3.org/TR/) at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
本文件經過 W3C 成員與相關小組審閱，以由 W3C 總監簽署為 W3C 推薦標準 (http://www.w3.org/2003/06/Process-20030618/tr.html#RecsW3C)（W3C Recommendation）。W3C 制定推薦標準的任務是讓這些標準受到關注並且被廣泛應用，以促進 網際網路的功能行與互用性。
本文件是 W3C 關於本體語言 OWL 推薦標準的六個部份 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-features-20040210/#s1.1)其中之一。它已經被Web 本體工作小組 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/) (小組章程 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/charter)) 作為 W3C 語義網行動 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/) (行動聲明 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity))
的一部分，並於 2004 年 2 月 10 日公佈。
OWL 的設計，已經在本文件早期版本中有所描述，經過廣泛的評閱之後，已經符合工作小組的技術需求 (http://www.w3.org/TR/webont-req/)，工作小組也已經充分的考慮所有收到的意見 (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/)，並做了必要的修改。本文件自從。候選推薦標準版本 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031215/)以來的所有修改都在文後的變更日誌 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#changes-since-PR)中。
歡迎利用public-webont-comments@w3.org (mailto:public-webont-comments@w3.org)(彙整 (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/)) 提出您的意見，對於相關的技術討論，歡迎利用www-rdf-logic@w3.org (mailto:www-rdf-logic@w3.org) (彙整)
有關應用 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls)的清單可以從這裡獲得。
W3C 並且維護一份與這些工作相關的專利聲明清單 (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/discl)。
本段敘述僅反映本文件在發布當時的狀態，其他文件可能會取代本文件。關於 W3C 已發布的文件和最新的技術報告清單可以在 W3C 技術報告索引頁 (http://www.w3.org/TR/)取得。
目錄
- Abstract (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Abstract)
- Status of This Document (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Status)
- Contents (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Contents)
- 1. Introduction (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Introduction)
- 1.1. The Species of OWL (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OwlVarieties)
- 1.2. Structure of the Document (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#StructureOfDoc)
- 2. The Structure of Ontologies (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#StructureOfOntologies)
- 2.1. Namespaces (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Namespaces)
- 2.2. Ontology Headers (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyHeaders)
- 2.3. Data Aggregation and Privacy (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Privacy)
- 3. Basic Elements (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#BasicDefinitions)
- 3.1. Simple Classes and Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SimpleClasses)
- 3.1.1. Simple Named Classes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DefiningSimpleClasses)
- 3.1.2. Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DefiningIndividuals)
- 3.1.3. Design for Use (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DesignForUse)
- 3.2. Simple Properties (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SimpleProperties)
- 3.2.1. Defining Properties (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DefiningProperties)
- 3.2.2. Properties and Datatypes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Datatypes1)
- 3.2.3. Properties of Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertiesOfIndividuals)
- 3.3. Property Characteristics (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertyCharacteristics)
- 3.3.1. TransitiveProperty (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#TransitiveProperty)
- 3.3.2. SymmetricProperty (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SymmetricProperty)
- 3.3.3. FunctionalProperty (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#FunctionalProperty)
- 3.3.4. inverseOf (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#inverseOf)
- 3.3.5. InverseFunctionalProperty (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#InverseFunctionalProperty)
- 3.4. Property Restrictions (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertyRestrictions)
- 3.4.1. allValuesFrom, someValuesFrom (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#allValuesFrom)
- 3.4.2. Cardinality (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#simpleCardinality)
- 3.4.3. hasValue (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#hasValue)
- 4. Ontology Mapping (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyMapping)
- 4.1. Equivalence between Classes and Properties (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#equivalentClass1)
- 4.2. Identity between Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#sameAs)
- 4.3. Different Individuals (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#differentFrom)
- 5. Complex Classes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#ComplexClasses)
- 5.1. Set Operators (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#SetOperators)
- 5.2. Enumerated Classes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#EnumeratedClasses)
- 5.3. Disjoint Classes (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#DisjointClasses)
- 6. Ontology Versioning (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyVersioning)
- 7. Usage Examples (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Usage)
- 7.1. Wine Portal (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#WinePortal)
- 7.2. Wine Agent (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#WineAgent)
- Acknowledgements (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#Acknowledgements)
- OWL Glossary (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OWLGlossary)
- Term Index and Cross Reference (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#TermIndex)
- References (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#References)
- Appendix A: XML + RDF Basics (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#AppendixA)
- Appendix B: History (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#AppendixB)
- Appendix C: Change Log Since Last Call Release (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#changes-since-PR)
